Sunday, November 8, 2015

May 31, 2009: Strings and percussion (but no celesta)

If, as I tried to argue on my Rehearsal Studio blog on Friday, much of the power of music has to do with the significance of the sonorous moment, then this afternoon's San Francisco Symphony Chamber Music Series concert at Davies Symphony Hall had as great an abundance of sonorities as had been encountered in the first concert in the Dawn to Twilight Schubert/Berg Festival this past Wednesday.  Covering a period from the mature Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart of 1786 to the emerging Christopher Rouse of 1978, those sonorities were dominated by strings and percussion, the only exception being the presence of the clarinet in Mozart's K. 498 trio.  However, while Béla Bartók had been a master of string-percussion interactions (adding a celesta into the mix), in this recital the percussionists were segregated into two all-percussion works by Rouse;  and the strings ruled over the rest of the program.

The sonorities were by far at their most interesting in Camille Saint-Saëns' A major fantasy for violin (performed by Diane Nicholeris) and harp (Douglas Rioth).  The interplay of these two radically different string instruments is so effective that it is a pity this work is not heard more often, particularly when a major episode of the composition falls back on highly familiar material.  In the program book James Keller identified that material as a paraphrase of Claudio Monteverdi's madrigal "Lamento della Ninfa;"  but this overlooks the fact that for this madrigal Monteverdi had drawn upon the so-called Andalusian cadence, which is in all likelihood the most popular riff in Flamenco music.  There is thus a strong ethnic element to this episode that is explored by both solo instruments, giving the work a decidedly popular flavor.

Ethnic roots also provided foundations for the two Rouse percussion compositions.  "Ogoun Badagris" was inspired by Haitian drumming, while "Ku-Ka-Ilimoku" claims Hawaiian inspiration.  Where large numbers of percussion instruments are involved (as they were for both of these compositions), effective performance depends on strategic layout of the many resources and a strong sense of choreography.  Since the layout had to be changed between the two works, the wait time was filled with an impromptu tour of the instruments, helping the audience to discern which sounds came from where.  Percussion music depends, for the most part, on a journey through different rhythms and the differing sonorities of the instruments.  Rouse's two compositions were relatively brief and took journeys appropriate to their durations.  By the time they were composed, the all-percussion experiments of Edgard Varèse and John Cage (who, by some accounts, was inspired by hearing Varèse's "Ionisation" one evening at the Hollywood Bowl) had achieved a level of acceptability in the general repertoire;  so neither of Rouse's works had the shock value of their forebears.  Rather, they constituted yet another take on the adoption of folk material in a concert setting.  That the material had nothing to do with Rouse's own ethnicity was secondary;  the exploration was still a fascinating one.

Mozart's K. 498 is interesting for his decision to accompany the clarinet (Carey Bell) with piano (Marc Shapiro) and viola (Katie Kadarauch), rather than cello.  Nevertheless, this role was not a new one for Kadarauch, since she had been required to serve "continuo duty" in a recent Symphony performance of Antonio Vivaldi's Four Seasons concertos.  She could thus apply the same laws of logic and rhetoric to accompanying Bell as she had to accompanying the solo work of violinist Alexander Barantschik;  and she did this very well while, at the same time, taking pleasure in performing a part that Mozart himself had performed when the work was first presented.

Ironically, the sonorities were at their most conventional in the first string quartet (Opus 50 in B minor) by Sergei Prokofiev.  Indeed, the most striking thing about this work was not in its sonorities but in the composer's decision to conclude it with an Andante movement.  Keller's program notes observed that Prokofiev had "immersed himself in the scores of Beethoven's string quartets;"  but the results of that immersion surface primarily in formal structural plans, such as the way in which the Andante molto introduction to a Vivace in the second movement reflects the final movement of Beethoven's Opus 135 quartet.  This appeal to Beethoven for such "high-level decisions" surfaced throughout Prokofiev's life.  When the London Symphony Orchestra visited in March, we heard it in both his second symphony (whose "plan" follows that of Beethoven's Opus 111 piano sonata) and his seventh symphony (which shares both opus number and key with Beethoven's Opus 131 quartet).  Thus, as was the case with the compositions of Saint-Saëns and Rouse, Prokofiev's quartet had its roots in a somewhat unlikely place;  but it also grew from those roots in a direction decided of Prokofiev's own invention.

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