Monday, December 14, 2015

August 31, 2009: The clarinet and bassoon in chamber music

The chamber music repertoire consists so heavily of compositions for piano and strings that any opportunity to hear wind instruments brought into the mix deserves serious consideration.  Yesterday afternoon at the Old First Church, the Old First Concerts series provided three offerings of wind instruments in chamber music.  Two of these, composed respectively by Ludwig van Beethoven and Johannes Brahms, required a trio of clarinet, cello, and piano.  The remaining work, by the contemporary German composer Karl Michael Komma, required the somewhat rarer combination of bassoon, cello, and piano.  All three works thus constituted a shift in perspective on the traditional piano trio genre.

Indeed, the first time I ever heard Beethoven's Opus 11 trio in B-flat major, it was performed by the Beaux Arts Trio with the clarinet part replaced by violinist Isidore Cohen.  Several years passed before I had an opportunity to hear the clarinet version, and the difference was striking.  According to Alexander Wheelock Thayer's biography, the work grew out of a request in 1798 from a clarinet player identified only as "Beer" (followed by a question mark).  The final movement is a set of variations on a theme from the opera L'Amor marinaro by Joseph Weigl, apparently at Beer's suggestion.  This movement is preceded by an Allegro con brio and an Adagio.

Chronologically, the trio is situated in the same time frame as the three Opus 10 piano sonatas, which, in the past, I have discussed as prime examples of Beethoven's capacity for wit.  That wit is definitely present in this trio;  but now the light touch of the piano (very much in the spirit of the sonatas) contends with a clarinet voice that runs its own gamut from gentle through perky to downright rambunctious.  Between these contrasting voices we have a cello part that alternates between participating in conversations over the thematic material and providing continuo support.

Yesterday afternoon's performers assumed these roles with a style that did full justice to Beethoven's compositional imagination.  Dmitriy Cogan brought just the right touch to his keyboard, keeping control over all the light-hearted throw-away gestures that spice up the piano part.  Jerome Simas recognized the full gamut of those clarinet moods, delivering them all with some of the cleanest sounds I have heard for some time.  Rebecca Rust then supported these two performers with a more-than-capable approach to her double-duty assignment.

These same performers concluded the program with Brahms' Opus 114 A minor trio.  To say that this differs from the Beethoven as night from day is slightly more than metaphorical.  Beethoven was just beginning to establish his reputation in 1798.  On the other hand Brahms composed his trio in 1890.  This was a time when he had been ready to give up composing until he met Richard Mühlfeld, clarinetist with the Meiningen orchestra.  This trio turned out to be the first of four works composed for Mühlfeld, the others being the Opus 115 quintet and the two Opus 120 sonatas.  All of these compositions have a sense of twilight about them, not only through the use of minor keys but also in a gentleness of rhetoric that can easily be taken as a valedictory reflection on past experiences.  Cogan, Simas, and Rust had no trouble accommodating this rhetorical shift, providing a reading of old Brahms that was just as stimulating as their approach to the younger Beethoven.

Komma's composition on the program offered a significant contrast to the more traditional offerings of Beethoven and Brahms.  In this case the wind instrument was a bassoon, performed by Friedrich Edelmann;  and the 1981 composition, Sapphische Strophen, was a music interpretation of texts from the Greek lyric poet Sappho.  Sappho's work comes to us today only in fragments (as illustrated above), only one of which offered a complete poem;  and Komma took a highly impressionistic approach to the fragments he selected.  He included the texts in his score but did not require that they be delivered as part of the performance.  He apparently studied them in the original Greek, and the program notes provided both his German translation and an English translation of his German.  At least one of Komma's settings reflected the rhythms in which the original Greek text would have been declaimed.  However, for all the scholarly baggage that he brought to his work, the result was a highly affecting delivery of seven glances into Sappho's world.  Edelmann, Cogan, and Rust seemed to have internalized Komma's impressions, rendering them with a clear rhetoric that spoke perfectly well for itself.  The afternoon thus made for a combination of old and new that was as striking as the combination of Beethoven's youth with Brahms' age.

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